CED Fundamentals of Psychology Practice Test

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• What term refers to the tendency to look for information that confirms our existing beliefs while ignoring contradictory evidence?
• Who is known for their study on obedience using the Milgram Experiment?
• What does a standard deviation measure in a data set?
• What term describes the process of randomly assigning participants to different groups to minimize differences?
• What is the definition of attachment theory?
• What is the definition of personality?
• Which research method involves manipulating variables to observe effects on behavior?
• In psychological research, what does a "single-blind study" help to eliminate?
• What ethical principle ensures research participants are informed about the nature of their involvement?
• Which statistical techniques are aimed at making inferences or predictions about a population from sample data?
• Which psychological disorder is characterized by excessive worry and anxiety?
• What term refers to the process of repeating a research study with different participants to verify findings?
• Which theory suggests that people strive for self-actualization?
• What cognitive development stage, according to Piaget, involves understanding the concept of conservation?
• What does peer review help ensure in the field of research?
• What research method involves observing behavior in natural settings without manipulation?
• What type of graph displays the relationship between two variables through a cluster of dots?
• What is the tendency to overestimate personal ability known as?
• What type of conflict involves being torn between two desirable outcomes?
• What is the purpose of random assignment in experiments?
• Which theory emphasizes the significance of observable behaviors over mental processes?
• Which variable's effect is observed in an experiment?
• What concept is primarily associated with the evolutionary perspective of psychology?
• What is called when a selection from a larger group accurately reflects the total population?
• Which psychological perspective emphasizes helping individuals reach their full potential and maintaining a positive outlook?
• What is the definition of psychology?
• Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in mood regulation?
• What is the main purpose of using effect size in psychological research?
• What term describes the phenomenon where participants experience change due to their expectations of treatment?
• What does the range measure in a data set?
• Which of the following is not a measure of central tendency?
• What does the term "self-efficacy" refer to?
• What is the term for other factors that might produce an effect in an experiment?
• Which term refers to a distribution that is asymmetrically skewed with most scores toward the lower end?
• Which of the following describes a placebo effect?
• What is the term for inaccuracies in survey responses due to factors like social desirability or misunderstanding?
• What does the term "groupthink" refer to?
• What does the term "cognitive dissonance" refer to?
• What is the term for a relationship between two variables in which they move in the same direction?
• What is the primary focus of behavioral psychology?
• What defines a random sample in research?
• What statistical concept refers to a situation where two variables move in opposite directions?
• What is confirmation bias?
• What scale is commonly used to measure people's attitudes or opinions, often using a 5-point format?
• In which type of research design do participants not know whether they are in the experimental or control group?
• Which perspective in psychology focuses on innate drives related to survival and reproduction?
• What is the biopsychosocial perspective?
• What phenomenon describes the tendency for extreme scores to revert back towards the average upon retesting?
• What purpose does an Institutional Review Board (IRB) serve in research contexts?
• What is required when working with individuals who cannot give legal consent to participate in research?
• What research method involves the in-depth study of a single individual or group?
• In correlational research, what issue arises when it is known that two variables are related, but the direction of that relationship is unclear?
• What must be true for a score to be identified as the mode?
• Which of the following describes the term used for the return to a mean score during retesting?
• What psychological approach focuses on observable behavior and the role of learning in explaining it?
• What factor is intentionally changed in an experiment to observe its effects?
• What is the term for the belief that two unrelated events are connected, such as bad behavior during a full moon?
• What is the main focus of developmental psychology?
• Which perspective is concerned mainly with external influences on behavior?
• What term denotes the gathering and analyzing of numerical data to identify patterns or trends?
• Which concept refers to maintaining a non-judgmental positive outlook towards individuals in a therapeutic setting?
• What do researchers aim to quantify when they use measures of central tendency and variability?
• What problem occurs when a hidden variable influences the relationship between two observed variables?
• Which psychological perspective explores how thinking influences behavior?
• What is the central idea of the cognitive approach to psychology?
• Name the five stages of grief, as proposed by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross.
• What is the role of the amygdala in the human brain?
• What does the square of the standard deviation measure in data analysis?
• What is the outcome of using scatterplots in research?
• What is the difference between a primary and secondary reinforcer?
• How is informed consent defined in the context of research ethics?
• What is a case study in psychological research?
• What type of perspective in psychology often involves the study of behavior through observable actions rather than internal thoughts?
• Which method involves studying a unique individual or case in depth due to its distinctive attributes?
• What does the term "validity" refer to in research?
• What is the placebo effect?
• What refers to a bias that occurs due to the expectations of the researcher affecting the study's outcomes?
• What does the term "social facilitation" refer to?
• What is the primary role of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) in research settings?
• What term describes the influence of question phrasing on respondent answers?
• Which term describes a statistical measure that captures both the direction and strength of the relationship between variables?
• A study with a significant p-value indicates:
• Which term describes a small group selected to represent a larger population in a study?
• What term describes a distribution of scores that is not symmetrical, often due to outliers?
• What does the debate of "nature vs. nurture" refer to in psychology?
• What aspect of behavior does cognitive psychology primarily focus on?
• What is a defense mechanism in psychology?
• What type of memory is used to recall facts and events?
• Which measure of central tendency represents the middle score in a distribution?
• Why is a representative sample important in psychological research?
• Which of the following is a critical step in psychological research to ensure ethical standards are met?
• What is the DSM-5 used for?
• Which type of memory is responsible for holding onto information for a very short period?
• What psychological concept explains why someone might believe in coincidences as significant events?
• What term describes all the cases in a study from which samples can be drawn?
• What branch of psychology focuses on the scientific study of behavior and mental processes?
• What is the most frequently occurring score in a distribution called?
• What is the main contribution of B.F. Skinner to psychology?
• Which term describes a sampling method that results in an unrepresentative sample?
• Which of the following defines non-experimental research?
• What principle suggests that for a hypothesis to be scientific, it must be possible to conceive evidence that could prove it false?
• Which sampling method allows each member of a population an equal chance of being included?
• What research method involves the manipulation of one or more independent variables to observe the effect on a dependent variable?
• In psychological research, which term is used to define the consistency of measurements over time?
• Who proposed a theory of moral development involving stages?
• Who developed the theory of classical conditioning?
• Which of the following problems can arise when two correlated variables suggest a relationship, yet the underlying causation is unknown?
• Which brain region is primarily associated with decision making and impulse control?
• What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system during stress?
• What does the standard deviation represent in a data set?
• Which type of effect is linked to the reactivity of participants in research?
• What are the four primary goals of psychology?
• What does socioemotional selectivity theory suggest?
• Which term describes the process of statistically integrating results from various studies?
• When a researcher's expectations affect the outcome of a study, what is this phenomenon called?
• Which statistical techniques are used to summarize and describe the characteristics of a dataset?
• What type of research focuses on gathering non-numerical data to understand meanings or experiences?
• What are the three main types of learning styles?
• What is the term for a method used to obtain self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a group?
• One reason for conducting psychological research scientifically is to avoid which common bias?
• What term describes a score that is at the midpoint of a dataset?
• What is an operational definition in a research study?
• What does it mean when data follows a normal distribution?
• Which concept states that a hypothesis must be structured in a way that allows for possible disproof?
• What is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)?
• Which perspective in psychology emphasizes the influence of unconscious drives?
• What approach focuses on how thoughts and beliefs influence behavior?
• Who proposed the hierarchy of needs theory?
• What psychological approach focuses on free will and self-actualization?
• What is it called when a researcher ensures the well-being of study participants?
• What is the phenomenon called where extreme scores tend to move closer to the average over time?
• Name one of the primary functions of the hippocampus.
• What type of research does not allow for random assignment of participants?
• What denotes the tendency to alter behavior based on observation in research participants?
• How is the mean calculated in a distribution of scores?
• Which approach relates psychological factors to biological elements like genes and hormones?
• Which psychological approach emphasizes conscious thought and self-actualization?
• What does a double-blind procedure entail in an experimental study?
• Which bias occurs when researchers interpret data in a way that supports their hypothesis?
• What is the main premise of the theory of planned behavior?
• Which of the following best describes the focus of the cognitive perspective?
• What does a negative skew indicate about a distribution of scores?
• Which bias influences individuals to provide socially acceptable responses about themselves?
• What is the primary focus of social psychology?
• What method is used to identify self-reported attitudes within a demographic?
• What term describes the consistency of a test yielding similar scores upon repeated testing?
• Which term describes the phenomenon of believing one would have predicted an outcome after knowing it?
• What psychological term refers to the tendency to attribute personal success to internal factors and failures to external factors?
• What is the process called that involves telling participants about the study's purpose and any deceptions after the experiment has concluded?
• Which curve is characterized as a symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution?
• What type of reinforcement involves the removal of an aversive stimulus?
• What is a distribution called when scores tend to cluster more towards one end of the range?
• What type of research design involves manipulation of an independent variable?
• What type of sampling is characterized by being neither random nor systematic, but rather governed by chance or convenience?
• What is meant by population in psychological research?
• What effect does “self-report bias” have on survey results?
• What term describes the act of distorting or withholding facts with the intent to mislead others?
• What term describes the magnitude of change that an independent variable has on a dependent variable?
• What type of research is particularly focused on determining cause-and-effect relationships?
• What type of distribution is characterized by having two distinct peaks?
• In experimental research, what do we call an individual who acts as a participant but whose behavior is planned in advance?
• What perspective suggests behaviors are influenced by repressed desires and childhood experiences?
• What is the factor in an experiment that is manipulated to observe its effects?
• What is the definition of a heuristic?
• What is a characteristic of negative skewed distributions?
• What term describes the relationship between two variables and how well one can predict the other?
• What is a common method used for assessing personality traits?
• What psychological assessment tool measures personality traits?
• Which of the following describes a negative correlation between two variables?
• A selection method that ensures unbiased representation from a larger population is known as what?
• In psychological research, what is a hypothesis?
• What does the correlational coefficient indicate?
• Which measure indicates the magnitude of a relationship between two variables?
• What principle requires researchers to protect the identity and data of study participants?
• What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
• What is the "just world hypothesis"?
• What does an experimenter aim to control by random assignment?
• What cognitive bias leads individuals to overestimate the influence of personality factors?
• Which psychological term refers to the methods used for systematic observation in studies?
• Which of the following is a method for ensuring that each participant has equal selection probability in research?
• What is the correlation coefficient?
• The purpose of debriefing in psychology research is to:
• What does a large effect size indicate about the relationship between two variables?
• What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?
• Which of the following is a core principle of humanistic psychology?
• Which type of distribution represents data with extreme values on one side?
• What does replication in research aim to achieve?
• What term refers to the extent to which findings from a sample can be generalized to the entire population?
• Who is considered the father of modern psychology?
• What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in behavior?
• What term describes the inability to remember information stored in long-term memory?
• What can increase confidence in the results of a psychological study?
• What is defined as the reasonable measures taken to protect research participants?
• What does statistical significance measure in the context of research findings?
• What does meta-analysis involve in research?
• What does the concept of reciprocity in social psychology entail?
• What is the purpose of a double-blind study?
• Which research approach typically involves experiments and uses numeric data?
• What is the primary cause of Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
• Which perspective examines how societal norms and interactions shape behavior?
• What is a placebo group in research?
• In research methodology, what does it mean when a study is described as "testable"?
• Who introduced the concept of operant conditioning?
• What is the range of values for a correlational coefficient?
• In an experiment, what is the group that receives the treatment called?
• Which term refers to when a minor provides consent to participate in a study with the approval of a parent or guardian?
• What is the concept of neuroplasticity?
• What is participant bias in research studies?
• What defines the ethical standards that members of a profession are expected to follow?
• What is the tendency for extreme scores to regress toward the mean known as?
• What is the term for the gradual weakening of response due to repeated exposure to a conditioned stimulus?
• Which method is typically used to determine the strength of a relationship between variables?
• In psychological research, what is often used to gauge attitudes and opinions through agreement levels?